Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Human Gastroduodenal Biopsies in The Region of Tipaza.

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been the source of many gastric pathologies, including gastritis, peptic ulcers and even gastric cancer. With the bacterium being classified as the n°1 gastric pathogen in the world, it is preferable to diagnose the infection at the earliest possible stages thus to avoid its development. The objective of our study is to evaluate the Histology diagnostic method of this infection used in the region of Tipaza, and study it’s prevalence in the area and the caused pathologies by the later. We present in this work a retro and prospective study that includes 166 patients, conducted at Kolea’s public hospital for the duration of 3 months (From January to March 2024), specifically at the hospital’s anatomopathological laboratory. The prevalence of this infection in the study area was estimated at approximately 91% in the studied population. The infections positivity was 64% in women and 36% of men. It has also been shown that the infection can occur in all age groups, but the highest prevalence was recorded in those subjects whom ages ranges between, 31 and 60 years old. H. pylori is the cause behind different gastric pathologies, in which 87% of those were recorded to be gastritis, 9% were Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (GIM), 2% were hyperplasia and 1% for both gastric polyp and adenocarcinoma, showing that H. pylori is indeed the cause behind gastric cancer. The bacterium’s favorite gastric infection site was proved to be the antrum, with 57.88% of the study population recorded a positivity at the mentioned site, followed by the fundus with a recorded 32.5%. The histology method is the golden standard of H. pylori infection diagnosis. However, this method still lacks additional information that complete the diagnosis, so it is preferable to combine this method with another diagnostic method to get a perfect and complete diagnosis.